• INTRAORAL
• EXTRAORAL
Dental radiographs are commonly called X-rays. Dentists
use radiographs for many reasons: to find hidden dental
structures, malignant or benign masses, bone loss, and
cavities.
A radiographic image is formed by a controlled burst of
X-ray radiation which penetrates oral structures at
different levels, depending on varying anatomical
densities, before striking the film or sensor. Teeth
appear lighter because less radiation penetrates them to
reach the film. Dental caries, infections and other
changes in the bone density, and the periodontal
ligament, appear darker because X-rays readily penetrate
these less dense structures. Dental restorations
(fillings, crowns) may appear lighter or darker,
depending on the density of the material.
The dosage of X-ray radiation received by a dental
patient is very small.
It is possible for both tooth decay and periodontal
disease to be missed during a clinical exam, and
radiographic evaluation of the dental and periodontal
tissues is a critical segment of the comprehensive oral
examination. The photographic montage at right depicts a
situation in which extensive decay had been overlooked
by a number of dentists prior to radiographic
evaluation.